{"id":438,"date":"2026-05-11T21:39:00","date_gmt":"2026-05-11T19:39:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tenanto.pl\/3-years-rental-property-portfolio-what-id-change\/"},"modified":"2026-05-11T21:39:00","modified_gmt":"2026-05-11T19:39:00","slug":"3-years-rental-property-portfolio-what-id-change","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tenanto.pl\/en\/3-years-rental-property-portfolio-what-id-change\/","title":{"rendered":"My 3 years with a rental property portfolio &#8211; here&#8217;s what I&#8217;d change"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three years with a portfolio of rental flats. That&#8217;s enough time to see what works and what was just wishful thinking in a spreadsheet. The yield on long-term rentals in major cities runs at 5-7% a year &#8211; but to reach the top of that range, you have to have a grip on things from the very start. Because mistakes made at the outset? They can eat up 2-3 percentage points of your return. And fixing them mid-tenancy is sheer misery. Below are some concrete takeaways and things I&#8217;d do differently if I were starting from scratch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Spis tre\u015bci<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/tenanto.pl\/en\/3-years-rental-property-portfolio-what-id-change\/#Choosing_location_and_floor_area_%E2%80%93_the_key_to_profitability\" >Choosing location and floor area &#8211; the key to profitability<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/tenanto.pl\/en\/3-years-rental-property-portfolio-what-id-change\/#Renting_out_a_whole_flat_or_by_the_room_%E2%80%93_what_I_choose_after_3_years\" >Renting out a whole flat or by the room &#8211; what I choose after 3 years<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/tenanto.pl\/en\/3-years-rental-property-portfolio-what-id-change\/#Agreements_and_legal_safeguards_%E2%80%93_what_I_failed_to_take_care_of\" >Agreements and legal safeguards &#8211; what I failed to take care of<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/tenanto.pl\/en\/3-years-rental-property-portfolio-what-id-change\/#Utility_billing_and_running_costs_%E2%80%93_where_I_was_losing_money\" >Utility billing and running costs &#8211; where I was losing money<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/tenanto.pl\/en\/3-years-rental-property-portfolio-what-id-change\/#Automating_portfolio_management_%E2%80%93_tools_that_change_the_game\" >Automating portfolio management &#8211; tools that change the game<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/tenanto.pl\/en\/3-years-rental-property-portfolio-what-id-change\/#Tenant_screening_%E2%80%93_how_to_avoid_problem_tenants\" >Tenant screening &#8211; how to avoid problem tenants<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/tenanto.pl\/en\/3-years-rental-property-portfolio-what-id-change\/#Summary_%E2%80%93_5_things_Id_do_differently_from_day_one\" >Summary &#8211; 5 things I&#8217;d do differently from day one<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Choosing_location_and_floor_area_%E2%80%93_the_key_to_profitability\"><\/span>Choosing location and floor area &#8211; the key to profitability<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two-room flats and studios. Full stop. They&#8217;re the ones that deliver the highest returns in long-term renting. A smaller floor area means finding a tenant faster &#8211; large apartments can sit empty for weeks. I tested this the hard way &#8211; a two-room, 38 sq m flat turned out to be a far better investment than the 47 sq m option. Why? Because the difference in purchase price is significant, while the rent? The rent doesn&#8217;t rise in proportion to the floor area at all.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Public transport does the heavy lifting. The metro, trams, buses &#8211; being close to transport hubs is a magnet for tenants. The main target group is young, childless people who care about a quick commute to work or having their university right on the doorstep. In the suburbs? That&#8217;s where you&#8217;ll find couples and families with children. Closer to the centre &#8211; students and singles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Tip 1:<\/strong> Go for units with more rooms on a relatively small floor area &#8211; the price per square metre is rarely open to meaningful negotiation, so a smaller floor area combined with a functional layout is the simplest route to a higher yield.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Location seems to be the crucial aspect. For quality of life &#8211; saving time and money on commuting, and for the sake of the environment &#8211; it&#8217;s best to look for somewhere near your place of work, or near the university in the case of students. Price is tied to location. So you have to find a compromise between convenience and the level of rent.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Renting_out_a_whole_flat_or_by_the_room_%E2%80%93_what_I_choose_after_3_years\"><\/span>Renting out a whole flat or by the room &#8211; what I choose after 3 years<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It comes down to one question &#8211; do you want more money or more peace of mind? Renting by the room gives a better return, because you set the price per room or per head, not per square metre. But turnover is higher. You&#8217;re constantly looking for someone new, constantly signing a new agreement. It can be exhausting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Renting out the whole flat? Less money in the bank, but less of a headache too. A single household wears a flat out more slowly than three independent tenants (you can see it on the walls and in the bathroom). Less frequent contact with the tenant also means fewer chances for conflict. And honestly, after three years I value that peace of mind more and more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Renting by the room:<\/strong> higher revenue, uninterrupted income (it&#8217;s rare for all the rooms to sit empty at once), easier to find a tenant, but faster wear on the unit and more agreements to manage<\/li>\n<li><strong>Renting the whole flat:<\/strong> fewer obligations, slower wear and tear on the flat, a more stable relationship with the tenant, but lower rent and a greater risk of a void period once the agreement ends<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hybrid model:<\/strong> part of the portfolio rented whole, part by the room &#8211; diversifying both risk and income streams<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Tip 2:<\/strong> With 3 or more rooms in a good student location, consider renting by the room &#8211; students can stay for the entire duration of their studies (3-5 years), which combines stability with higher income.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Agreements_and_legal_safeguards_%E2%80%93_what_I_failed_to_take_care_of\"><\/span>Agreements and legal safeguards &#8211; what I failed to take care of<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are three types of tenancy agreement in Poland &#8211; traditional, occasional and institutional. Each protects the landlord to a different degree. And I&#8217;ll put it plainly &#8211; an occasional lease is a must-have. I learned that after an episode with a tenant who wouldn&#8217;t move out once the agreement expired. A notarial deed with a declaration of voluntary submission to enforcement changes the rules of the game. Without it, you&#8217;re left with a months-long court process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A handover protocol with photos. Don&#8217;t skip it. Ever. Article 675 \u00a7 1 of the Civil Code is clear &#8211; the tenant is to return the unit in an undeteriorated condition. But try proving that without documentation. Normal wear (slightly dirty walls, minor scratches on the laminate flooring) is one thing. But a smashed shower cubicle or holes in the kitchen worktop? That comes out of the deposit. Provided you have something to back it up with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Tip 3:<\/strong> Always draw up a handover protocol with a room-by-room description and photographic documentation before handing over the keys &#8211; it&#8217;s the only reliable proof of the unit&#8217;s condition in the event of a dispute over the deposit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Utility_billing_and_running_costs_%E2%80%93_where_I_was_losing_money\"><\/span>Utility billing and running costs &#8211; where I was losing money<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Utilities. That&#8217;s right &#8211; this is where it gets tricky, especially with tenant turnover. With electricity, gas or internet you can shorten the billing period. But water, sewage and heating? Those are billed over longer cycles and you have very little say in it. And if you don&#8217;t write specific rules into the agreement, the arguments start later. Unpleasant arguments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What works? A monthly flat-rate, or monthly meter readings with a reconciliation at the end of the period. Simple and transparent. But there&#8217;s something else I overlooked in my calculations early on &#8211; a maintenance fund and refreshing the unit. With renting by the room, you do the painting and minor repairs every 2-3 years. With whole-flat lets &#8211; every 4-5 years. Put it in the budget, otherwise you&#8217;re inflating your own yield by 0.5-1 percentage point. A pleasant illusion, but a short-lived one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Tip 4:<\/strong> Set clear utility-billing rules directly in the agreement &#8211; a monthly flat-rate or meter readings at the end of each month eliminate most financial disputes with tenants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Automating_portfolio_management_%E2%80%93_tools_that_change_the_game\"><\/span>Automating portfolio management &#8211; tools that change the game<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rental management systems have come a long way. Utility billing, document generation, remote signatures, KSeF integration &#8211; all of it from a single app. And KSeF (Poland&#8217;s National e-Invoicing System) is already standard in 2026, not some frill. The &#8220;per unit&#8221; model is great for smaller portfolios &#8211; basic plans start from a dozen-odd zloty a month per flat. There&#8217;s no point penny-pinching a few zloty here, because you&#8217;ll lose hours on manual work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oh, and one more thing &#8211; the energy performance certificate (EPC). Since 28 April 2023 you have to hand it to the tenant. This applies to renting out both whole flats and individual rooms. No certificate? A fine of up to 5000 z\u0142. I&#8217;d recommend sorting it out once and doing it properly. And automating agreements, addenda and protocols across a portfolio of 3-5 units saves a genuinely substantial number of hours each month. I&#8217;ve tested it &#8211; the difference is noticeable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tenant_screening_%E2%80%93_how_to_avoid_problem_tenants\"><\/span>Tenant screening &#8211; how to avoid problem tenants<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The initial conversation is a filter. And an effective one. People with something to hide, or planning to play games, often back out themselves once they hear about the documentation requirements. A deposit higher than one month&#8217;s rent, tenant&#8217;s liability insurance and proof of income source &#8211; put these three things in place from your very first let. Not from the third, like I did.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vetting candidates on social media groups and listing portals helps you spot red flags before the agreement is even signed. And the ideal tenants? Students who stay for the entire duration of their studies (3-5 years), or young professionals on an employment contract. Stable tenants mean lower turnover costs &#8211; because turnover isn&#8217;t just a void period. It&#8217;s also painting, repairs and the whole process of finding someone new.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Summary_%E2%80%93_5_things_Id_do_differently_from_day_one\"><\/span>Summary &#8211; 5 things I&#8217;d do differently from day one<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>I&#8217;d choose smaller floor areas with a better layout<\/strong> &#8211; a 38 sq m flat with two rooms instead of a 47 sq m one-room one generates a higher return at a lower purchase cost.<\/li>\n<li><strong>I&#8217;d use an occasional lease from the outset<\/strong> &#8211; a notarial declaration of submission to enforcement protects you from a months-long eviction process.<\/li>\n<li><strong>I&#8217;d put detailed handover protocols in place<\/strong> &#8211; room-by-room photographic documentation eliminates disputes over the deposit.<\/li>\n<li><strong>I&#8217;d automate billing from the start<\/strong> &#8211; rental management systems costing a dozen-odd zloty a month save hours of administrative work.<\/li>\n<li><strong>I&#8217;d treat tenant screening as a priority<\/strong> &#8211; higher requirements at the selection stage translate into portfolio stability for years to come.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5-7% a year? It&#8217;s doable. But you have to have a grip on every stage &#8211; from the purchase, through the rental model, to day-to-day management. Tools that automate the admin let you grow without a proportional increase in work. And honestly? After three years, I reckon rental flats are a solid alternative to other asset classes. Provided you don&#8217;t make the mistakes I made at the start.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Practical lessons from 3 years of investing in rental flats. Choosing the right location and floor area, plus strategies that push rental yields up to 7% a year.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":278,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[110,111,109],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-438","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-landlord-tips","category-real-estate-market","category-rental-management"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>My 3 years with a rental property portfolio - here&#039;s what I&#039;d change<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tenanto.pl\/en\/3-years-rental-property-portfolio-what-id-change\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"My 3 years with a rental property portfolio - here&#039;s what I&#039;d change\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Practical lessons from 3 years of investing in rental flats. 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